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Insula orchestra/Equilbey: Fauré's Requiem

Laurence Equilbey conducting

Sacred masterpieces by Gounod and Fauré are brought viscerally alive through the period-instrument timbres of Insula orchestra together with Mat Collishaw’s haunting projections juxtaposing images of nature and grief.

‘Do not weep! It is death itself that flees away.’ Charles Gounod

A quiet, radiant confidence hangs over both Gabriel Fauré’s Requiem and Charles Gounod’s Saint Francois d’Assise. These are works – one familiar, the other all but unknown, one imbued with faith (Gounod almost gave up music for the life of a priest) and one composed ‘for fun’ – that look death in the eye with the certainty of salvation, of resolution, of peace.

Composed within a few years of one another at the very end of the 19th century, they speak of a new relationship between God and congregation. Verdi’s hellish chorus of the damned, Berlioz’s battering Judgment Day fanfares and volleys of timpani are banished, and in their place we find a new gentleness and intimacy: music to comfort the living as much as mourn the dead.

For over a century Gounod’s final oratorio Saint Francois d’Assise was only a story and a name. Composed for the regular sacred concerts of Paris’s Société des Concerts du Conservatoire, where it was premiered in March 1891, the manuscript was subsequently lost – only rediscovered in the 1990s in a convent library – and recorded for the first time by accentus in 2016.

The work arrived in the composer’s imagination as a pair of images – a diptych ‘after the manner of the primitive painters’. Two musical movements take inspiration from Murillo’s St Francis Embracing Christ and Giotto’s The Death of St Francis respectively: the first tender, the image of the crucified Christ softened by pastels and hazy sfumato; the second starkly ceremonial, perspective flattened, the dead saint surrounded by reverent crowd of clergy.

Mirroring the spirit, if not the style of each, Gounod gives us two contrasting musical panels. Strings conjure a cloudy sort of plainsong for the start of ‘La cellule’, setting the tone for an instrumental prelude that paints medieval piety with the rich brushstrokes of the 19th century.

Soon the circling shapes coalesce into a wordless chorale or hymn, before St Francis himself (a solo tenor) first speaks in flexible, lyrical recitative, taking up the hymn in a suddenly passionate outpouring. Faced with such rapturous devotion, the Crucifix comes to life (as a solo baritone) and answers – a miracle that stirs the music not to new intensity but simplicity, a harp now gilding the gentle strings.

Part 2 – ‘La mort’ – sees St Francis on his deathbed. Musically the lights have dimmed, brass and woodwind adding shadowy depth. The saint addresses his followers, reassuring them as they (male chorus) chant their sombre prayers of intercession. Just as Francis promises, at the moment of his death darkness is banished. The harp returns, joined by an angelic chorus of female voices who waft him upwards – the hopes of the opening hymn (reprised in the orchestra) tenderly and wonderfully fulfilled.

Premiered just a few years earlier in 1888 (though heard complete for the first time in 1893) Gabriel Fauré’s Requiem re-set the course of death-music so effectively that it’s now impossible to hear it with the same shock as those first listeners. ‘I wanted to do something different,’ the composer declared.

To those steeped in tumultuous spiritual drama, in the struggle between light and dark played out so violently from Verdi onwards, both the liturgy and the sound-world of Fauré’s ‘lullaby of death’ were alien. What should listeners make of the sober restraint and ‘sweet nature’ of a work that did away with the ‘Dies irae’ altogether, made significant cuts to the text of the ‘Offertorium’ and borrowed the ‘In paradisum’ from the burial service, a Mass that ends not on the hopes and pleas of the Agnus Dei but with a sublime vision of heaven achieved?

It’s a battle between tradition and innovation that we hear in the work’s opening bars. A fortissimo D minor chord in woodwind and strings jolts the ‘Introit’ into stentorian life. But the choir refuses to be drawn, entering instead at pianissimo. The two worlds tussle for a while, before the tension resolves into the soaring ‘Requiem aeternam’ melody.

If the Requiem is a lullaby, then the ‘Kyrie’ sets the rocking tempo, setting its pleas (‘Lord have mercy’) to a lulling hymn heard first in tenors and subsequently taken up by the whole choir. Desperation breaks through in the ‘Christe eleison’ but its tensions are short-lived.

The extended ‘Offertoire’ glances back to the same medieval world as the Gounod in music that nods both to plainsong and polyphony without ever actually imitating either. Its shifting moods find repose on the surer ground of the echoing ‘Sanctus’ and the stillness of the ‘Pie Jesu’ – a moment of exquisite purity for solo soprano, or as here, a fluting treble voice.

Two of the Requiem’s greatest melodies dominate the ‘Agnus Dei’ and the ‘Libera me’ that follows. The ‘Agnus Dei’ closes with a reprise of the opening Introit; to anyone familiar with the liturgy this must surely have seemed to be a full-circle ending. But Fauré adds a glorious coda in the form of the ‘Libera me’ – final doubts and fears voiced then dispelled by the surging baritone solo – and the closing ‘In paradisum’: a glimpse of an endless, unbroken musical horizon, D minor now transfigured into luminous D major.

© Alexandra Coghlan

Programme and performers

Charles Gounod Saint François d’Assise
Part 1, La cellule
Part 2, La mort
Gabriel Fauré Requiem
1. Introit
2. Kyrie
3. Offertoire
4. Sanctus
5. Pie Jesu
6. Agnus Dei
7. Libera me
8. In paradisum

Insula orchestra
Laurence Equilbey
conductor
Oliver Barlow treble (Trinity Boys Choir)
John Brancy baritone
Amitai Pati tenor
Mat Collishaw filmmaker
accentus
Christophe Grapperon accentus associate conductor

Translations

Part 1: La cellule 

St Francis 
Mon sauveur adoré, 
Seul amour de ma vie 
Tout ce qui n’est pas toi 
N’est plus rien pour mon coeur. 

Ton mystère m’enivre 
Et mon âme ravive, 
Allume en tous mes sens 
Une ineffable ardeur. 

Tout ce qui n’est pas toi 
N’est plus rien pour mon coeur. 

Agneau de Dieu! 
Sainte victime! 
En toi, Jésus, 
Mon coeur s’abîme! 
De ton amour embrase-moi! 
Tu meurs pour moi! 
Je vis par toi! 
De ton amour embrase-moi! 

Comme le cerf soupire 
Après l’eau des fontaines, 
Ainsi mon âme a soif de toi, Seigneur! 
C’est ton sang adoré 
Qui coule dans mes veines 
Et m’enivre déjà du céleste bonheur! 

The Crucifix 
Viens! viens, amant de ma croix! 
Viens! ma douce victime! 
En attendant la mort qui comblera tes voeux, 
De mon amour pour toi 
Touche, un instant, la cime, et vois, 
Vois que, plus que toi, je veux ce que tu veux! 

St Francis 
Un miracle! Jésus! 
Et jusqu’à cet excès! 
Je ne suis plus à moi! 
Je t’adore … Et me tais!

Part 2: The death of St Francis

St Francis
Mes enfants! … L’heure approche … 
Au séjour des élus, 
Je vais donc voir, enfin, le doux Sauveur, Jésus!
Mais, avant que d’entrer dans la terre promise, 
Une dernière fois je veux bénir Assise!

Chorus of Men
Père qui régnez dans les cieux!
Ô Dieu d’amour! Dieu de miséricorde!
Que votre grâce nous accorde 
Ce qu’implorent de vous les larmes de nos yeux! 
Par pitié pour notre misère
Par les clous vénérés de ses pieds, de ses mains, 
Ne rappelez pas notre père,
Ne nous laissez pas orphelins!

St Francis
Mes fils! Ne pleurez pas!
C’est le jour qui commence!
La lumière bientôt va dissiper la nuit! …
C’est la fin de l’exil, du deuil, 
De la souffrance, mes fils!
Ne pleurez pas!
C’est la mort qui s’enfuit!

(He dies)

Chorus of angels
Prends ton vol vers les cieux, 
Bienheureux Séraphique!
De la terre pour toi les liens sont rompus!
Viens chanter pour toujours le céleste cantique!
Entre dans la paix des élus!

Charles Gounod (1818–93)

Part 1: The cell 

St Francis
My adored Saviour, 
Sole love of my life, 
All that is not Thee 
Is henceforth as nothing for my heart. 

Thy mystery enraptures me 
And revives my soul, 
Kindling in all my senses 
An ineffable fervour. 

All that is not Thee 
Is henceforth as nothing for my heart. 

Lamb of God! 
Sacred Victim! 
In thee, Jesus, 
My heart is engulfed! 
Inflame me with thy love! 
Thou dost die for me! 
I live through thee! 
Inflame me with thy love! 

Like as the hart 
Desireth the water-brooks, 
So longeth my soul after thee, O Lord! 
It is thy beloved blood 
That flows in my veins 
And already intoxicates me with heavenly bliss! 

The Crucifix
Come, come, lover of my Cross! 
Come, my gentle victim! 
As you await the death that will fulfil all your desires, 
Touch, for an instant, the pinnacle 
Of my love for you, and see, 
See that, more than yourself, I desire what you desire! 

St Francis
A miracle! Jesus! 
And a supreme one! 
I am no longer mine! 
I adore thee – and am silent!

Part 2: The death of St Francis

St Francis
My children! The hour draws nigh.
In the abode of the chosen
I shall at last see the sweet Saviour, Jesus!
But before I enter the promised land,
For the last time I wish to bless Assisi!

Chorus of Men
Father who dost reign in the heavens!
O God of love! God of mercy!
May thy grace grant us
What the tears of our eyes implore of thee!
In pity for our misery,
By the venerated stigmata of his feet and hands,
Do not call our father to Thee,
Do not leave us orphans!

St Francis
My sons! Do not weep!
It is day that dawns!
Soon the light will dispel the darkness!
It is the end of exile, of mourning,
Of suffering, my sons!
Do not weep!
It is death that flees away!

(He dies)

Chorus of angels
Take flight towards the heavens,
Blessed seraphic Father!
For you the bonds of earth are broken!
Come and sing the celestial hymn for evermore!
Enter the peace of the chosen!

Translation © Charles Johnston

Artist biographies

Insula orchestra’s purpose is to present music from the Baroque, Classical and pre-Romantic eras in a historically informed way. Side-by-side with masterpieces of the repertoire, the orchestra also features rarer pieces, such as the music of Louise Farrenc and Emilie Mayer. The ensemble performs on period instruments to match as closely as possible the sound and balance of the original score.

Insula orchestra was founded in 2012 by its Artistic Director and conductor Laurence Equilbey. In 2017 Insula inaugurated La Seine Musicale venue as its resident orchestra. The ensemble performs part of the Auditorium’s season, alongside numerous other ensembles and artists. Insula orchestra also regularly performs at leading venues and festivals, including the Philharmonie de Paris, Grand Théâtre de Provence, Theater an der Wien, Stadtcasino in Basel, Hamburg Elbphilharmonie, here at the Barbican Centre and at the official inauguration of the Louvre Abu Dhabi.

The orchestra takes a creative approach to classical music in order to reach the broadest audience. This includes staged concerts, working with artists such as Yoann Bourgeois, Antonin Baudry, Pascale Ferran, David Bobée and the theatre group La Fura Dels Baus. It is particularly active on the field of digital technologies and has explored 360° experiences and virtual reality. Earlier this year it presented Beethoven Wars at La Seine Musicale: an immersive show combining new technologies with a manga universe.

A diversified and innovative education programme, striving towards sharing and inclusion, was developed throughout the Hauts-de-Seine department. Insula orchestra is also a member of LaDocumenta.eu, an online resource centre dedicated to sharing musical and scientific research.

Insula orchestra receives support from the Hauts-de-Seine department and is resident orchestra at the Seine Musicale. It is sponsored by Région Île-de-France. Mrs Aline Foriel-Destezet and Chargeurs Philanthropies are its major patrons. The circle of friends accio and the Insula orchestra – Laurence Equilbey foundation support its projects. Insula orchestra is a member of FEVIS and SPPF.

Audience in the hall

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